Soil: The uppermost layer of the Earth's surface rock is called soil.
Clayey soil: A very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired.
Loamy soil: Soil composed of sand, silt, clay, and organic matter in evenly mixed particles of various sizes.
Sandy soil: A soil which has low water retention and low total quantity of pore space even though individual pores are large.
Humus: A thin layer of mineral particles and a layer of dead and decayed plant and animal remains is called humus.
Weathering: The disintegration of rocks on the Earth's surface due to exposure to natural forces such as wind, water, frost, roots of plants, etc., is called weathering.
Soil profile: A section that shows distinct layers of soil when we cut straight down into the soil is called soil profile.
Percolation: The slow passage of a liquid through a filtering medium is termed as percolation.
Moisture: Diffused wetness that can be felt as vapour in the atmosphere or condensed liquid on the surfaces of objects is termed moisture.
Water retention: The capacity to hold or retain water is called water retention.
Soil erosion: The removal of soil by running made up of tiny particles of sand, mud, and water and wind is called soil erosion.
Terrace farming: A method of farming generally adopted in hilly areas in which the sloping ground is cut into large steps called terraces on which crops are grown is called terrace farming.
