Microorganisms/Microbes: Organisms that are very small in size and are visible only through a microscope are called microorganisms or microbes.
Fermentation: The process of conversion of a sugar into an acid or an alcohol by the action of microorganisms is called fermentation.
Pathogens: Microorganisms that cause diseases in human beings, animals, and plants are called pathogens.
Communicable diseases: Diseases that can spread from one person to another are called communicable diseases.
Food preservation: The process of treating and handling food with an aim to stop or slow down its spoilage while maintaining its nutritional value, texture, and flavour is called food preservation.
Pasteurization: The method of food preservation that involves heating a foodstuff to a high temperature and then cooling it rapidly is called pasteurization.
Nitrogen fixation: Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrite and nitrate biologically or physically which can be absorbed by plants.
Microscope: An instrument used to magnify the image of minute organisms.
Antibiotics: Chemical substances produced by living organisms which kill or stop the growth of the other disease-causing microorganisms are called antibiotics.
Vaccine: The dilute solutions containing weakened or dead microbes which are when introduced in a healthy body activate its immune system to prevent occurrence of disease.
Vaccination: The process of injecting vaccine in a host body so as to boost up the immune system to prevent the occurrence of disease.
Infectious diseases: Diseases which are caused to entry of foreign particles like microorganisms in body.
Vector: The animals that can carry the pathogen from a patient and transmit it to the healthy person.
