Keywords

Canopy:

• The uppermost layer of branches which serves as dense roof of trees over the ground in a forest is called canopy.

Crown:

• The layer where trees branch off from the tree trunk is called crown.

Understory/Understorey:

• The shaded layer of the forest where low light is available is called understory/understorey.

Topography:

• The physical feature of a place is called its topography.

Afforestation:

• Large-scale planting of trees in deforested areas or for commercial purposes is called afforestation.

Deforestation:

• Large-scale felling of trees is called deforestation.

Food chain:

• Simple representation of energy flow in nature is called food chain.

Humus:

• Micro-organisms feed upon the dead plant and animal tissues and convert them into a dark coloured substance called humus.

Decomposers:

• The micro-organisms which convert the dead plants and animals to humus are known as decomposers.

Seed dispersal:

• The movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant is called seed dispersal.

Food web:

• Interconnected food chains depicting the complex representation of energy flow in nature is called food web.

Soil erosion:

• The washing away of soil by the flow of water is called soil erosion.