Formation of soil depends on several factors such as climate, characteristics of the parent rock, and the slope of the land.
Soil profile is a section through different layers of the soil. Various layers are called horizons.
Soil is of different types: clayey, loamy and sandy.
Percolation rate of water is different in different types of soil. It is highest in the sandy soil and least in the clayey soil.
Different types of soils are used to cultivate different types of crops. Clay and loam are suitable for growing wheat, gram and paddy. Cotton is grown in sandy loam soil.
Soil holds water in it, which is called soil moisture.
The capacity of a soil to hold water is important for various crops.
Clayey soil is used to make pots, toys and statues.
The main causes of soil erosion include deforestation, floods and heavy rainfall, overgrazing and improper farming techniques.
The major causes of soil pollution include acid rain, improper dumping of sewage wastes, and excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers.
Measures should be taken to avoid soil erosion and soil pollution.
