Types of bonds

• Ionic bond
• Covalent bond
• Coordinate bond

Ionic Bond:

• An atom forms a bond to complete its octet i.e. attain 8 electrons in its outer most shell or valence shell.
• An ionic bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal. A metal atom loses electrons and a non-metal atom gains electrons for completion of their octet forming cations and anions respectively.
• The electrostatic force of attraction between the positive and negative charged ions brings the particles together forming an ionic compound.

Sodium chloride Na⁺ + Cl^–  → NaCl

Formation of calcium chloride CaCl₂

Covalent Bond:

• The bond formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the bonding atoms which may be either same or different is called covalent bond. The compound formed is called covalent compound.

• This pair of electron counts towards both the atoms and helps them to achieve them the configuration of nearest noble gas element.

• The electrons involved in sharing are known as shared pair of electrons.

Single covalent bond:

• It is formed by sharing of single electron by each of the participating atom.

Hydrogen Molecule :

Methane molecule:

Chlorine molecule :

Water molecule:

Ammonia molecule:

Double covalent bond:

• A double covalent bond is formed by sharing of a pair of electron by each of the participating atoms.

Oxygen molecule:

Carbon dioxide molecule:

Formation of triple covalent bond:

• A triple covalent bond is formed by sharing of three electrons by each of the participating atoms.

Nitrogen molecule: