Anything which occupies space and has mass is called matter.
Living and Non-living things around us are made up of matter.
According to ancient Indian philosophers living or non-living thing, was made up of five basic elements (panch tatva): air, earth, fire, sky and water.
Matter is classified based on the physical properties and chemical nature.
Matter is classified as solid, liquid and gas on the basis of physical properties.
Matter is classified as elements, compounds and mixtures on the basis of chemical nature.
John Dalton a British chemist provided the basic theory about the nature of matter. He proposed that matter is made up of large number of very small indivisible particles called atoms.
When Potassium permanganate a purple coloured solid substance is dissolved in water the colour of solution becomes purple because purple coloured particles of potassium permanganate spread throughout water making the whole water look purple.
Diffusion refers to the process by which molecules intermingle as a result of kinetic energy of random motion. The molecules of gases are in constant motion and make numerous collisions with each other.
Effusionis the escape of gas molecules through a tiny hole such as pinhole in a balloon.
All gases spontaneously diffuse into one another when they are brought into contact.
Diffusion into a vacuum will take place much more rapidly than diffusion into another place.
Both the rate of diffusion of a gas and its rate of effusion depend on its molar mass. Lighter gases diffuse faster than heavier gases. The gas with highest rate of diffusion is hydrogen.
